Reading Passages Advanced Level Test - Quiz (Online Exercise With Answers) 2
Question 1 |
The technology of the North American Colonies did not differ strikingly from that of Europe, but in one respect, the colonists enjoyed a great advantage. Especially by comparison with Britain, Americans had a wonderfully plentiful supply of wood. The first colonists didn't, as many people imagine, find an entire continent covered by a climax forest. Even along the Atlantic seaboard, the forest was broken at many points, a Nevertheless, all sorts of fine trees abounded, and through the early colonial period, those who pushed westward encountered new forests. By the end of the colonial era, the price of wood had risen ,slightly in eastern cities, but wood was still extremely abundant and it was a foundation of the economy. Houses and all manner of buildings were made of wood to a degree unknown in Britain. Secondly, wood was used as a fuel for heating and cooking.Thirdly, it was used as the source of important industrial compounds, such as potash, an industrial alkali; charcoal, a component of gunpowder; and tannic acid.
- The passage mainly discusses_____ .
A | the negative effects of an abundance of wood on the colonies |
B | the roots of the Industrial Revolution |
C | the difference between charcoal and tannic value |
D | why the wood had little or no
economic value |
E | the advantages of using wood in the
colonies |
Question 2 |
The technology of the North American Colonies did not differ strikingly from that of Europe, but in one respect, the colonists enjoyed a great advantage. Especially by comparison with Britain, Americans had a wonderfully plentiful supply of wood. The first colonists didn't, as many people imagine, find an entire continent covered by a climax forest. Even along the Atlantic seaboard, the forest was broken at many points, a Nevertheless, all sorts of fine trees abounded, and through the early colonial period, those who pushed westward encountered new forests. By the end of the colonial era, the price of wood had risen ,slightly in eastern cities, but wood was still extremely abundant and it was a foundation of the economy. Houses and all manner of buildings were made of wood to a degree unknown in Britain. Secondly, wood was used as a fuel for heating and cooking.Thirdly, it was used as the source of important industrial compounds, such as potash, an industrial alkali; charcoal, a component of gunpowder; and tannic acid. 2. As is stated in the passage, by the end of the Colonial period, the price of wood in eastern cities_____ .
A | decreased rapidly owing to lower
demand |
B | was slightly higher than in previous
years |
C | was very much higher than it was in
Britain |
D | rose quickly since wood was
becoming scarce |
E | was protested by the public |
Question 3 |
The technology of the North American Colonies did not differ strikingly from that of Europe, but in one respect, the colonists enjoyed a great advantage. Especially by comparison with Britain, Americans had a wonderfully plentiful supply of wood. The first colonists didn't, as many people imagine, find an entire continent covered by a climax forest. Even along the Atlantic seaboard, the forest was broken at many points, a Nevertheless, all sorts of fine trees abounded, and through the early colonial period, those who pushed westward encountered new forests. By the end of the colonial era, the price of wood had risen ,slightly in eastern cities, but wood was still extremely abundant and it was a foundation of the economy. Houses and all manner of buildings were made of wood to a degree unknown in Britain. Secondly, wood was used as a fuel for heating and cooking.Thirdly, it was used as the source of important industrial compounds, such as potash, an industrial alkali; charcoal, a component of gunpowder; and tannic acid. 3. It's implied in the passage that, houses in Britain during the period mentioned in the passage were_____ .
A | usually built from materials other
than wood |
B | typically smaller than homes in North
America |
C | generally built with imported
materials |
D | more expensive than American
houses |
E | all made of wood |
Question 4 |
When they first appeared a few years ago,smart phones were marketed as the Swiss. Army knife of personal communications,combining the versatility of a hand-held computer with the connectivity of a mobile phone. What set them apart from standard mobile phones was their ability to download and run a broad range of third-party software applications. In theory, this meant users did not have to settle for the software applications that came with the device. In practice, however, the novelty value of having a currency converter, weather services, various different city maps and pocket sudoku crammed onto your phone soon wore off. Similarly, the logistics of viewing Excel spreadsheets or editing Word documents on such device was only for die- hard enthusiasts. In short, until now smart phones have amounted to not much more than executive toys, doing little to improve anyone’s productivity. 4. It is stated in the passage that one of the features that makes smart phones different from the standard mobile phones was that_____ .
A | smart phones were being retailed as
a typical and ordinary device for
personal communications in a
different way |
B | smart phones were capable of
operating a wider range of software
practices than a standard mobile
phone |
C | standard mobile phones lacked the
ability of finding websites without
having to download the necessary
programmes via internet |
D | standard mobile phones brought
together many applications of a
hand-held computer with the
connectivity of a handy |
E | smart phones were produced as a
sharp gun to be used in the Swiss
Army |
Question 5 |
When they first appeared a few years ago,smart phones were marketed as the Swiss. Army knife of personal communications,combining the versatility of a hand-held computer with the connectivity of a mobile phone. What set them apart from standard mobile phones was their ability to download and run a broad range of third-party software applications. In theory, this meant users did not have to settle for the software applications that came with the device. In practice, however, the novelty value of having a currency converter, weather services, various different city maps and pocket sudoku crammed onto your phone soon wore off. Similarly, the logistics of viewing Excel spreadsheets or editing Word documents on such device was only for die- hard enthusiasts. In short, until now smart phones have amounted to not much more than executive toys, doing little to improve anyone’s productivity. 5. One may infer from the passage that smart phones seemed to _____
A | be an invention designed by a Swiss
mechanician to make the Swiss
public astonished |
B | have few things that couldn’t be
done with them |
C | be produced for the people who likes
solving puzzles in the digital
environment |
D | be a device in which nobody showed
any interest because of its market
price |
E | prove useless in practice contrary to
expectations in theory |
Question 6 |
When they first appeared a few years ago,smart phones were marketed as the Swiss. Army knife of personal communications,combining the versatility of a hand-held computer with the connectivity of a mobile phone. What set them apart from standard mobile phones was their ability to download and run a broad range of third-party software applications. In theory, this meant users did not have to settle for the software applications that came with the device. In practice, however, the novelty value of having a currency converter, weather services, various different city maps and pocket sudoku crammed onto your phone soon wore off. Similarly, the logistics of viewing Excel spreadsheets or editing Word documents on such device was only for die- hard enthusiasts. In short, until now smart phones have amounted to not much more than executive toys, doing little to improve anyone’s productivity. 6. It can be inferred from the passage that certain features of smart phones______.
A | allowed the users to exploit only a
little of the hardware of a hand-held
computer |
B | were not explained theoretically
enough to understand how to
function |
C | didn’t appeal to everybody |
D | helped the users enchance their
productivity |
E | were in no need of updating in a
short time |
Question 7 |
Combine current ideas about childhood development and interactive learning with a dwindling number of safe street corners and what you get? A global boom in children’s museums. Museums designed to encourage parents to learn from each other, and children to teach themselves, are booming around the world. From Boston to Los Angeles and Shanghai to Dubai, museums for children are breaking ground, expanding, and hiring world-class architects to design eco-friendly landmarks. The kudos from professional educators promises welcome enrichment to cash-strapped public schools and to hopeful parents of Harvard-bound toddlers 7. The passage is mainly concerned with______.
A | the professional educators’ thoughts and attitudes towards the children's museums |
B | how the children’s museums are being constructed by famous and proficient architects |
C | where the children’s museums are being built |
D | the rapid increase in the number of
the children's museums worldwide |
E | how safe the museums in the world
are for both children and their
parents |
Question 8 |
Combine current ideas about childhood development and interactive learning with a dwindling number of safe street corners and what you get? A global boom in children’s museums. Museums designed to encourage parents to learn from each other, and children to teach themselves, are booming around the world. From Boston to Los Angeles and Shanghai to Dubai, museums for children are breaking ground, expanding, and hiring world-class architects to design eco-friendly landmarks. The kudos from professional educators promises welcome enrichment to cash-strapped public schools and to hopeful parents of Harvard-bound toddlers 8. It is implied in the passage that the children’s museums_____ .
A | are becoming old-fashioned despite
the fact that their numbers are
increasing throughout the world |
B | don’t help the children and their
parents learn anything |
C | didn't satisfy the demanding parents
at all |
D | are being designed in the way that
they will give no damage to the
nature by the masterly architects |
E | have only been constructed in
downtowns |
Question 9 |
Combine current ideas about childhood development and interactive learning with a dwindling number of safe street corners and what you get? A global boom in children’s museums. Museums designed to encourage parents to learn from each other, and children to teach themselves, are booming around the world. From Boston to Los Angeles and Shanghai to Dubai, museums for children are breaking ground, expanding, and hiring world-class architects to design eco-friendly landmarks. The kudos from professional educators promises welcome enrichment to cash-strapped public schools and to hopeful parents of Harvard-bound toddlers 9. It may be inferred from the passage that the children’s museums_____
A | are being planned on the basis of
the modern approaches about
childhood development and
interactive learning |
B | were being built in the corners of
insecure streets |
C | limit the communication between the
parents and their children |
D | function as a place to have fun
rather than learn for the children |
E | are making great contributions to
tourism in the cities where they are
built |
Question 10 |
Australia, cut off long ago from other continents, is one of the last places on Earth where one would expect to catch rabies or a related disease transmitted by animals. Yet this prospect is not as far-fetched aş it may sound. In the last four years, new diseases carried by animals but affecting human beings have appeared for the first time in Australia and in all these cases bats were involved. Fruit bats are the main cause for concern. They congregate together in large colonies and are found in some of the most heavily populated areas of the continent, Bats are capable of flying up to 200 m kilometres in a single journey and often share a convival roost with other species of bats on their way so it is only too easy for them to spread a disease. The danger is accentuated because people are convinced of their harmlessness and many find them cuddly and in need of protection. 10. According to the passage, in Australia,_____.
A | one can have the most secure and
comfortable vacation |
B | the most deadly virus has been
identified in the last four years |
C | there’s the possibility of catching a
disease transmitted by animals |
D | bats are the only threat to human
health |
E | bats have been poisoned by humanbeings
in order to wipe out a disease |
Question 11 |
Australia, cut off long ago from other continents, is one of the last places on Earth where one would expect to catch rabies or a related disease transmitted by animals. Yet this prospect is not as far-fetched aş it may sound. In the last four years, new diseases carried by animals but affecting human beings have appeared for the first time in Australia and in all these cases bats were involved. Fruit bats are the main cause for concern. They congregate together in large colonies and are found in some of the most heavily populated areas of the continent, Bats are capable of flying up to 200 m kilometres in a single journey and often share a convival roost with other species of bats on their way so it is only too easy for them to spread a disease. The danger is accentuated because people are convinced of their harmlessness and many find them cuddly and in need of protection. 11. It may be inferred from the passage that_____ .
A | the possible danger coming from
bats is always taken seriously by
people |
B | people are scared of bats since they
regard them as evil animals |
C | bats spread disease easily because
they seem to mate with each other
on their way |
D | fruit bats can only be a minor reason
for spreading diseae |
E | Australia is too close to the other
continents in terms of location and
this leads to the rapid spread of a
disease |
Question 12 |
Australia, cut off long ago from other continents, is one of the last places on Earth where one would expect to catch rabies or a related disease transmitted by animals. Yet this prospect is not as far-fetched aş it may sound. In the last four years, new diseases carried by animals but affecting human beings have appeared for the first time in Australia and in all these cases bats were involved. Fruit bats are the main cause for concern. They congregate together in large colonies and are found in some of the most heavily populated areas of the continent, Bats are capable of flying up to 200 m kilometres in a single journey and often share a convival roost with other species of bats on their way so it is only too easy for them to spread a disease. The danger is accentuated because people are convinced of their harmlessness and many find them cuddly and in need of protection. 12. It’s concluded in the passage that one of the reasons why it’s “only too easy” for bats, to spread disease to human beings is that_____ .
A | bats cannot travel long distances |
B | it’s not really satisfying to get
vaccinated against bat virus |
C | bats aren’t able to find areas to setle
where many people live |
D | human-beings carry some
hazardous disease as well |
E | people are not afraid of them
because they suppose that they’re
benign |
Question 13 |
Although the weathermen’s forecasts for a month ahead are only a little better than guesswork, they are now making long-term forecasts into the next century with growing confidence. For the dominant trend in the world’s climate in the coming decades will, scientists say, be a predictable result of man’s activities. At the start of the industrial revolution nearly two centuries ago, man innocently set off a gigantic experiment in planetary engineering. Unaware of what he was doing, he spared no thought for the consequences. Today the possible outcome is alarmingly clear, but the experiment is unstoppable. Within the lifetimes of many us, the Earth may become warmer than it has been for a thousand years. Superficially, a warmer climate may seem welcome. But it could bring many hazards-disruptions of crops in the world’s main food-producing regions, famine, economic instability, civil unrest and even war. 13. We learn from the passage that longterm weather forecasts beyond a century from now may seem strange because_____ .
A | as a fact that changes in the climate throughout the world is unpredictable |
B | none of us will be alive then |
C | weathermen cannot even forecast next month's weather accurately |
D | we cannot know what the
consequences of our present
activities will be in the future |
E | it is difficult to foresee how much
melting of the great ice-caps of
Greenland and Antartica will raise
sea-levels throughout the world |
Question 14 |
Although the weathermen’s forecasts for a month ahead are only a little better than guesswork, they are now making long-term forecasts into the next century with growing confidence. For the dominant trend in the world’s climate in the coming decades will, scientists say, be a predictable result of man’s activities. At the start of the industrial revolution nearly two centuries ago, man innocently set off a gigantic experiment in planetary engineering. Unaware of what he was doing, he spared no thought for the consequences. Today the possible outcome is alarmingly clear, but the experiment is unstoppable. Within the lifetimes of many us, the Earth may become warmer than it has been for a thousand years. Superficially, a warmer climate may seem welcome. But it could bring many hazards-disruptions of crops in the world’s main food-producing regions, famine, economic instability, civil unrest and even war. 14. As it is stated in the passage, weathermen believe that our future climate will be the direct result of______.
A | the industrial revolution |
B | clever long-term forecasts |
C | carbon dioxide that has been
pouring out of the world's chimneys
in ever-increasing quantities |
D | unconscious farming |
E | scientific experiments |
Question 15 |
Although the weathermen’s forecasts for a month ahead are only a little better than guesswork, they are now making long-term forecasts into the next century with growing confidence. For the dominant trend in the world’s climate in the coming decades will, scientists say, be a predictable result of man’s activities. At the start of the industrial revolution nearly two centuries ago, man innocently set off a gigantic experiment in planetary engineering. Unaware of what he was doing, he spared no thought for the consequences. Today the possible outcome is alarmingly clear, but the experiment is unstoppable. Within the lifetimes of many us, the Earth may become warmer than it has been for a thousand years. Superficially, a warmer climate may seem welcome. But it could bring many hazards-disruptions of crops in the world’s main food-producing regions, famine, economic instability, civil unrest and even war. 15. One may infer from the passage that a warmer climate_____ .
A | is like a concept that most of us
have no idea about |
B | means that weathermen will be more
confident in the coming decades
than they are now |
C | is the unevitable outcome of carbon
dioxide emissions and greenhouse
effect |
D | may lead to an increase in food
production worldwide |
E | may cause even war in the long term |
Question 16 |
It is an interesting paradox that the most enduring of the legendary stars of Hollywood’s golden era should be one who in many ways bucked the trend. To begin with, there is the simple matter of his name. While the image makers at the big studios racked their brains to invent names that would reflect the screen personality of stars who had been cursed from birth with others that were dull, unpronounceable or simply not Anglo-Saxon enough for the American public, he kept his own, one that was unique for a film star of his day because of the combination of a Christian name with upper-class associates and a surname that sounded Dutch or German. A generation of boys in Britain and the United States -were registered-with-the invented names assigned to the leading actors their star-struck mothers adored- Wayne or Gary or Kirk - without ever being aware of stars’ real names. Yet hardly any of the admirers of Humphrey Bogart saw fit to follow suit. 16. We learn from the passage that Humphrey Bogart’s screen name was unusual in the great days of Hollywood because_____ .
A | Humphrey is a lower-class name |
B | it was his own name |
C | Bogart sounds like a muslim name |
D | it didn’t appeal to American public |
E | he’d always played gangster roles in
his movies |
Question 17 |
It is an interesting paradox that the most enduring of the legendary stars of Hollywood’s golden era should be one who in many ways bucked the trend. To begin with, there is the simple matter of his name. While the image makers at the big studios racked their brains to invent names that would reflect the screen personality of stars who had been cursed from birth with others that were dull, unpronounceable or simply not Anglo-Saxon enough for the American public, he kept his own, one that was unique for a film star of his day because of the combination of a Christian name with upper-class associates and a surname that sounded Dutch or German. A generation of boys in Britain and the United States -were registered-with-the invented names assigned to the leading actors their star-struck mothers adored- Wayne or Gary or Kirk - without ever being aware of stars’ real names. Yet hardly any of the admirers of Humphrey Bogart saw fit to follow suit. 17. We understand from the passage that considering his name, Humphrey Bogart_____.
A | didn’t go after the general tendency
which most of the other stars
followed |
B | seemed to be too childish |
C | wasn’t able to reflect the power of
his name |
D | thought it was inappropriate to
maintain his own name |
E | could hardly continue his career |
Question 18 |
It is an interesting paradox that the most enduring of the legendary stars of Hollywood’s golden era should be one who in many ways bucked the trend. To begin with, there is the simple matter of his name. While the image makers at the big studios racked their brains to invent names that would reflect the screen personality of stars who had been cursed from birth with others that were dull, unpronounceable or simply not Anglo-Saxon enough for the American public, he kept his own, one that was unique for a film star of his day because of the combination of a Christian name with upper-class associates and a surname that sounded Dutch or German. A generation of boys in Britain and the United States -were registered-with-the invented names assigned to the leading actors their star-struck mothers adored- Wayne or Gary or Kirk - without ever being aware of stars’ real names. Yet hardly any of the admirers of Humphrey Bogart saw fit to follow suit. 18. It’s understood from the passage that______.
A | stars in the USA except Humphrey
Bogart were all born with names that
didn’t attract film fans. |
B | the name Bogart is so interesting
that it can keep people’s interest in
every country |
C | Christian names take off much better
than the others in any foreign film
industry |
D | the image makers of big studios
were trying very hard to think of
suitable names for stars |
E | male stars are luckier than their
female counterparts in the film
industry |
Question 19 |
Most great singing stars have established themselves long before they get to 35, but that is how old Madge Sharp is now, and this is her first record, it will not be her last. “I’ve always wanted to be a blues singer, ” she says. “I used to listen to singers like Mahalia Jackson and Ella Fitzgerald and others on record, but my parents would never let me go £to a concert. And they never allowed me to sing with a band. The only singing I did for a years was in our church choir. Of course I wish I had started in the profession earlier,but I’ve got something now which a lot of younger singers haven’t got-experience and maturity.” “And it's this experience and maturity in her voice which adds a distinct originality to all the tracks on this collection.All the songs may be old, but her versions of classics like “Ife” and “Georgia” make them sound as if they were written yesterday. 19. It is clearly stated in the passage that Madge Sharp_____
A | made her first record later in her life
than most singers |
B | wanted to wait till she was
experienced before making a record |
C | used to be the soloist of a small
band years ago |
D | was never allowed to listen to the
other singers except Mahalia
Jackson |
E | will no longer make an album |
Question 20 |
Most great singing stars have established themselves long before they get to 35, but that is how old Madge Sharp is now, and this is her first record, it will not be her last. “I’ve always wanted to be a blues singer, ” she says. “I used to listen to singers like Mahalia Jackson and Ella Fitzgerald and others on record, but my parents would never let me go £to a concert. And they never allowed me to sing with a band. The only singing I did for a years was in our church choir. Of course I wish I had started in the profession earlier,but I’ve got something now which a lot of younger singers haven’t got-experience and maturity.” “And it's this experience and maturity in her voice which adds a distinct originality to all the tracks on this collection.All the songs may be old, but her versions of classics like “Ife” and “Georgia” make them sound as if they were written yesterday. 20. It is understood from the passage that Madge Sharp_____
A | was always supported by her family
to become a blues singer |
B | started her singing career by
imitating the singers like Ella
Fitzgerald |
C | probably gained most of her
experience by singing in a church
choir for a long time |
D | liked going to her favourite
singers’concerts in her youth |
E | cannot sing as original as the
younger singers can |
Question 21 |
Most great singing stars have established themselves long before they get to 35, but that is how old Madge Sharp is now, and this is her first record, it will not be her last. “I’ve always wanted to be a blues singer, ” she says. “I used to listen to singers like Mahalia Jackson and Ella Fitzgerald and others on record, but my parents would never let me go £to a concert. And they never allowed me to sing with a band. The only singing I did for a years was in our church choir. Of course I wish I had started in the profession earlier,but I’ve got something now which a lot of younger singers haven’t got-experience and maturity.” “And it's this experience and maturity in her voice which adds a distinct originality to all the tracks on this collection.All the songs may be old, but her versions of classics like “Ife” and “Georgia” make them sound as if they were written yesterday. 21. It can be concluded from the passage that_____ .
A | Madge Sharp never dreamed about
being a singer when she was a child |
B | most of the great singing stars
appreciated her way of singing |
C | the music market had been in need
of such a record for ages |
D | Madge Sharp's first record doesn’t
include even one new song |
E | all the younger singers want to sing
as Madge Sharp does |
Question 22 |
One afternoon last spring, eight women found themselves at a resort in Texas stretched out on the floor on mats, each with a series of acupuncture needles protruding from their bodies. The atmosphere was calming and happy as an acupuncturist quietly moved from woman to woman,twisting and turning the needles, recalls Heidi Schell, one of those women who were nearing the end of a week-long retreat, all working towards the same goal - to get pregnant, The journey that led Ms. Schell to the group acupuncture session will sound familiar to many women: she was among the 36% of females in the United States who had been seeking medical assistance to have a baby. To do so, she was among the 1% of women trying high-tech treatments - in her case, in vitro fertilization (IVF). But, at 40 years of age, her chances of conceiving via IVF were a decidedly slim 10%. 22. As is mentioned in the passage, acupuncture_____.
A | is a treatment process of at least
one week |
B | has come out as a branch of
medicine first in the United States |
C | is a curative aid received by some of
the women in the USA to have a
baby |
D | is regarded as an exhausting
journey to cure most of the diseases
by professional acupuncturists |
E | is only performed in group sessions
to diagnose the reason why the
women cannot get pregnant |
Question 23 |
One afternoon last spring, eight women found themselves at a resort in Texas stretched out on the floor on mats, each with a series of acupuncture needles protruding from their bodies. The atmosphere was calming and happy as an acupuncturist quietly moved from woman to woman,twisting and turning the needles, recalls Heidi Schell, one of those women who were nearing the end of a week-long retreat, all working towards the same goal - to get pregnant, The journey that led Ms. Schell to the group acupuncture session will sound familiar to many women: she was among the 36% of females in the United States who had been seeking medical assistance to have a baby. To do so, she was among the 1% of women trying high-tech treatments - in her case, in vitro fertilization (IVF). But, at 40 years of age, her chances of conceiving via IVF were a decidedly slim 10%. 23. We understand from the passage that______.
A | Heidi Schell managed to get
pregnant by means of the group
acupuncture sessions she
participated in |
B | acupuncture wasn’t a popular
method to have a baby among the
women in the USA |
C | medical assistance could only be
given to the women trying to get
pregnant |
D | acupuncture treatment is merely
utilized by the experts for the women
at their forties |
E | in the USA, 64% of females have the
ability to get pregnant without having
any treatment |
Question 24 |
One afternoon last spring, eight women found themselves at a resort in Texas stretched out on the floor on mats, each with a series of acupuncture needles protruding from their bodies. The atmosphere was calming and happy as an acupuncturist quietly moved from woman to woman,twisting and turning the needles, recalls Heidi Schell, one of those women who were nearing the end of a week-long retreat, all working towards the same goal - to get pregnant, The journey that led Ms. Schell to the group acupuncture session will sound familiar to many women: she was among the 36% of females in the United States who had been seeking medical assistance to have a baby. To do so, she was among the 1% of women trying high-tech treatments - in her case, in vitro fertilization (IVF). But, at 40 years of age, her chances of conceiving via IVF were a decidedly slim 10%. 24. It is implied in the passage that____ .
A | most of the women who had been
pursuing the ways to be able to get
pregnant tried high-tech treatments |
B | the prospect of Heidi Schell’s having
a baby through IVF was almost
impossible |
C | the possibility of heidi Schell’s
becoming pregnant was obviously
higher than 10% |
D | the majority of the women living in
the USA needed a medical
assistance to get pregnant |
E | the atmosphere of all the
acupuncture sessions in the USA is
disturbing and raging |
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List | ⇨ |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | End |