THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH VERB TENSES
The Uses of the English Tenses
| Type of Tense | Type of Action Expressed |
| Simple | – actions occurring at regular intervals |
| – general truths, or situations existing for a period of time |
| – non-continuous actions |
| |
| Continuous | – continuous, ongoing actions |
| |
| Perfect | – non-continuous actions completed before a certain time |
| |
| Perfect Continuous | – continuous, ongoing actions completed before a certain time |
The Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Active Voice
| Tense | Auxiliary | Verb Form |
| Simple Present | do/does * | bare infinitive ** |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are | present participle |
| Present Perfect | have/has | past participle |
| Present Perfect Continuous | have/has been | present participle |
| | |
| Simple Past | did * | bare infinitive *** |
| Past Continuous | was/were | present participle |
| Past Perfect | had | past participle |
| Past Perfect Continuous | had been | present participle |
| | |
| Simple Future | will (shall) **** | bare infinitive |
| Future Continuous | will (shall) be | present participle |
| Future Perfect | will (shall) have | past participle |
| Future Perfect Continuous | will (shall) have been | present participle |
The Formation of the Subjunctive Mood of the Active Voice
| Tense | Auxiliary | Verb Form |
| Simple Present | do * | bare infinitive |
| Present Continuous | be | present participle |
| Present Perfect | have | past participle |
| Present Perfect Continuous | have been | present participle |
| | |
| Simple Past | did * | bare infinitive *** |
| Past Continuous | were | present participle |
| Past Perfect | had | past participle |
| Past Perfect Continuous | had been | present participle |
The Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Passive Voice
| Tense | Auxiliary | Verb Form |
| Simple Present | am/is/are | past participle |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are being | past participle |
| Present Perfect | have/has been | past participle |
| Present Perfect Continuous | have/has been being | past participle |
| | |
| Simple Past | was/were | past participle |
| Past Continuous | was/were being | past participle |
| Past Perfect | had been | past participle |
| Past Perfect Continuous | had been being | past participle |
| | |
| Simple Future | will (shall) **** be | past participle |
| Future Continuous | will (shall) be being | past participle |
| Future Perfect | will (shall) have been | past participle |
| Future Perfect Continuous | will (shall) have been being | past participle |
The Formation of the Subjunctive Mood of the Passive Voice
| Tense | Auxiliary | Verb Form |
| Simple Present | be | past participle |
| Present Continuous | be being | past participle |
| Present Perfect | have been | past participle |
| Present Perfect Continuous | have been being | past participle |
| | |
| Simple Past | were | past participle |
| Past Continuous | were being | past participle |
| Past Perfect | had been | past participle |
| Past Perfect Continuous | had been being | past participle |
- In the Simple Present and Simple Past tenses of the Active Voice, the auxiliaries are used only for emphasis, and for the formation of questions and negative statements. Auxiliaries are never used with the Simple Present or Simple Past of the verb to be.
** When used without the auxiliary, the third person singular of the Simple Present, in the Indicative Mood of the Active Voice, has the ending s.
*** When used without the auxiliary, the Simple Past form of the verb is used. For regular verbs, and for many irregular verbs, the Simple Past has the same form as the past participle.
**** The other modal auxiliaries could, may, might, must, should and would form conjugations in the same way as will and shall.
THE ACTIVE VOICE OF THE VERB TO SHOW
Simple Past: showed
Past Participle: shown
INDICATIVE MOOD
| Simple Present | Simple Past |
| I show | I showed |
| you show | you showed |
| he shows | he showed |
| she shows | she showed |
| it shows | it showed |
| we show | we showed |
| they show | they showed |
| |
| |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| I am showing | I was showing |
| you are showing | you were showing |
| he is showing | he was showing |
| she is showing | she was showing |
| it is showing | it was showing |
| we are showing | we were showing |
| they are showing | they were showing |
| |
| |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| I have shown | I had shown |
| you have shown | you had shown |
| he has shown | he had shown |
| she has shown | she had shown |
| it has shown | it had shown |
| we have shown | we had shown |
| they have shown | they had shown |
| |
| |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| I have been showing | I had been showing |
| you have been showing | you had been showing |
| he has been showing | he had been showing |
| she has been showing | she had been showing |
| it has been showing | it had been showing |
| we have been showing | we had been showing |
| they have been showing | they had been showing |
| |
| |
| Simple Future | Simple Conjugation with Would |
| I will (shall) show | I would show |
| you will show | you would show |
| he will show | he would show |
| she will show | she would show |
| it will show | it would show |
| we will (shall) show | we would show |
| they will show | they would show |
| |
| |
| Future Continuous | Continuous Conjugation with Would |
| I will (shall) be showing | I would be showing |
| you will be showing | you would be showing |
| he will be showing | he would be showing |
| she will be showing | she would be showing |
| it will be showing | it would be showing |
| we will (shall) be showing | we would be showing |
| they will be showing | they would be showing |
| |
| |
| Future Perfect | Perfect Conjugation with Would |
| I will (shall) have shown | I would have shown |
| you will have shown | you would have shown |
| he will have shown | he would have shown |
| she will have shown | she would have shown |
| it will have shown | it would have shown |
| we will (shall) have shown | we would have shown |
| they will have shown | they would have shown |
| |
| |
| Future Perfect Continuous | Perfect Continuous Conjugation with Would |
| I will (shall) have been showing | I would have been showing |
| you will have been showing | you would have been showing |
| he will have been showing | he would have been showing |
| she will have been showing | she would have been showing |
| it will have been showing | it would have been showing |
| we will (shall) have been showing | we would have been showing |
| they will have been showing | they would have been showing |
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
| Simple Present | Simple Past |
| I show | I showed |
| you show | you showed |
| he show | he showed |
| she show | she showed |
| it show | it showed |
| we show | we showed |
| they show | they showed |
| |
| |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| I be showing | I were showing |
| you be showing | you were showing |
| he be showing | he were showing |
| she be showing | she were showing |
| it be showing | it were showing |
| we be showing | we were showing |
| they be showing | they were showing |
| |
| |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| I have shown | I had shown |
| you have shown | you had shown |
| he have shown | he had shown |
| she have shown | she had shown |
| it have shown | it had shown |
| we have shown | we had shown |
| they have shown | they had shown |
| |
| |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| I have been showing | I had been showing |
| you have been showing | you had been showing |
| he have been showing | he had been showing |
| she have been showing | she had been showing |
| It have been showing | it had been showing |
| we have been showing | we had been showing |
| they have been showing | they had been showing |
THE VERB TO BE AND THE PASSIVE VOICE OF THE VERB TO SHOW
INDICATIVE MOOD
| Simple Present | Simple Present |
| I am | I am shown |
| you are | you are shown |
| he is | he is shown |
| she is | she is shown |
| it is | it is shown |
| we are | we are shown |
| they are | they are shown |
| |
| |
| Present Continuous | Present Continuous |
| I am being | I am being shown |
| you are being | you are being shown |
| he is being | he is being shown |
| she is being | she is being shown |
| it is being | it is being shown |
| we are being | we are being shown |
| they are being | they are being shown |
| |
| |
| Present Perfect | Present Perfect |
| I have been | I have been shown |
| you have been | you have been shown |
| he has been | he has been shown |
| she has been | she has been shown |
| it has been | it has been shown |
| we have been | we have been shown |
| they have been | they have been shown |
| |
| |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Present Perfect Continuous |
| have been being | I have been being shown |
| you have been being | you have been being shown |
| he has been being | he has been being shown |
| she has been being | she has been being shown |
| it has been being | it has been being shown |
| we have been being | we have been being shown |
| they have been being | they have been being shown |
| |
| |
| Simple Past | Simple Past |
| I was | I was shown |
| you were | you were shown |
| he was | he was shown |
| she was | she was shown |
| it was | it was shown |
| we were | we were shown |
| they were | they were shown |
| |
| |
| Past Continuous | Past Continuous |
| I was being | I was being shown |
| you were being | you were being shown |
| he was being | he was being shown |
| she was being | she was being shown |
| it was being | it was being shown |
| we were being | we were being shown |
| they were being | they were being shown |
| |
| |
| Past Perfect | Past Perfect |
| I had been | I had been shown |
| you had been | you had been shown |
| he had been | he had been shown |
| she had been | she had been shown |
| it had been | it had been shown |
| we had been | we had been shown |
| they had been | they had been shown |
| |
| |
| Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| I had been being | I had been being shown |
| you had been being | you had been being shown |
| he had been being | he had been being shown |
| she had been being | she had been being shown |
| it had been being | it had been being shown |
| we had been being | we had been being shown |
| they had been being | they had been being shown |
| |
| |
| Simple Future | Simple Future |
| I will (shall) be | I will (shall) be shown |
| you will be | you will be shown |
| he will be | he will be shown |
| she will be | she will be shown |
| it will be | it will be shown |
| we will (shall) be | we will (shall) be shown |
| they will be | they will be shown |
| |
| |
| Future Continuous | Future Continuous |
| I will (shall) be being | I will (shall) be being shown |
| you will be being | you will be being shown |
| he will be being | he will be being shown |
| she will be being | she will be being shown |
| it will be being | it will be being shown |
| we will (shall) be being | we will (shall) be being shown |
| they will be being | they will be being shown |
| |
| |
| Future Perfect | Future Perfect |
| I will (shall) have been | I will (shall) have been shown |
| you will have been | you will have been shown |
| he will have been | he will have been shown |
| she will have been | she will have been shown |
| it will have been | it will have been shown |
| we will (shall) have been | we will (shall) have been shown |
| they will have been | they will have been shown |
| |
| |
| Future Perfect Continuous | Future Perfect Continuous |
| I will (shall) have been being | I will (shall) have been being shown |
| you will have been being | you will have been being shown |
| he will have been being | he will have been being shown |
| she will have been being | she will have been being shown |
| It will have been being | it will have been being shown |
| we will (shall) have been being | we will (shall) have been being shown |
| they will have been being | they will have been being shown |
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
| Simple Present | Simple Present |
| I be | I be shown |
| you be | you be shown |
| he be | he be shown |
| she be | she be shown |
| it be | it be shown |
| we be | we be shown |
| they be | they be shown |
| |
| |
| Present Continuous | Present Continuous |
| I be being | I be being shown |
| you be being | you be being shown |
| he be being | he be being shown |
| she be being | she be being shown |
| it be being | it be being shown |
| we be being | we be being shown |
| they be being | they be being shown |
| |
| |
| Present Perfect | Present Perfect |
| I have been | I have been shown |
| you have been | you have been shown |
| he have been | he have been shown |
| she have been | she have been shown |
| it have been | it have been shown |
| we have been | we have been shown |
| they have been | they have been shown |
| |
| |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Present Perfect Continuous |
| I have been being | I have been being shown |
| you have been being | you have been being shown |
| he have been being | he have been being shown |
| she have been being | she have been being shown |
| it have been being | it have been being shown |
| we have been being | we have been being shown |
| they have been being | they have been being shown |
| |
| |
| Simple Past | Simple Past |
| I were | I were shown |
| you were | you were shown |
| he were | he were shown |
| she were | she were shown |
| it were | it were shown |
| we were | we were shown |
| they were | they were shown |
| |
| |
| Past Continuous | Past Continuous |
| I were being | I were being shown |
| you were being | you were being shown |
| he were being | he were being shown |
| she were being | she were being shown |
| it were being | it were being shown |
| we were being | we were being shown |
| they were being | they were being shown |
| |
| |
| Past Perfect | Past Perfect |
| I had been | I had been shown |
| you had been | you had been shown |
| he had been | he had been shown |
| she had been | she had been shown |
| it had been | it had been shown |
| we had been | we had been shown |
| they had been | they had been shown |
| |
| |
| Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| I had been being | I had been being shown |
| you had been being | you had been being shown |
| he had been being | he had been being shown |
| she had been being | she had been being shown |
| it had been being | it had been being shown |
| we had been being | we had been being shown |
| they had been being | they had been being shown |
