Essential Words for the TOEFL Lesson 10 Vocabulary Test


Essential Words for the TOEFL Lesson 10 Vocabulary Test

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TARGET WORDS

  • distinct (adv. distinctly; adj. distinctive; n. distinction)

adj. clearly noticed; different
syn. definite

There was a distinct aroma of coffee in the restaurant.
The two theories are distinctly different from each other.

  • dominant (adv. dominantly; v. dominate; n. domination)

adj. primary or principal; having or exercising control over something
syn. major

The dominant life forms of the Paleozoic era lived in the water.
The skyscraper dominated the skyline.

  • dormant (n. dormitory)

adj. not growing or producing; asleep
syn. inactive

The volcano had been dormant for hundreds of years before the eruption last month.
The seniors live in the new dormitory.

  • drab (adv. drably; n. drabness)

adj. lacking color; uninteresting, boring
syn. colorless

Their clothing was quite drab.
The drabness of the desert made driving less interesting.

  • dramatic (adv. dramatically; v. dramatize; n. drama)

adj. something that captures the imagination; exciting
syn. emotional

The dramatic finish to the game left us speechless.
The hurricane dramatically changed the coastline.

  • eclectic (adv. eclectically)

adj. to select or represent something chosen from many sources or places
syn. diverse

He has an eclectic taste in music, from hard rock to classical.
The eclectic group of students came from fifteen different countries.

  • elaborate (adv. elaborately; v. elaborate; n. elaboration)

adj. something with a large number of parts; full of details
syn. complex

An elaborate head dress indicated rank within the Aztec community.
His elaboration of the issue was quite thorough.

  • exceptional (adv. exceptionally)

adj. unusual in a positive way
syn. phenomenal

The orchestra’s performance was exceptional.
The North Star is exceptionally bright.

  • genuine (adv. genuinely; n. genuineness)

adj. honest or true; real
syn. authentic

She was genuinely concerned about world hunger.
This is a genuine artifact from the American Civil War.

  • hazardous (adv. hazardously; n. hazard)

adj. very risky, unsafe
syn. dangerous

Handling flammable liquids is hazardous.
There are many hazards involved with starting a business.

  • minuscule (adj. minute; n. minutia)

adj. of little consequence; very small
syn. tiny

The sale of the building had a minuscule effect on the profits of the corporation.
Some leaves are covered with minute hairs.

  • prime (adj. primed; adj. prime*; n. prime)
  1. to make ready;
    *first in importance or in time
    syn. prepare

The directors primed the actors before the performance.
Mozart passed away in the prime of his life.

  • rudimentary (n. rudiment)

adj. simple; not complex
syn. basic

He has a rudimentary knowledge of computers.
The rudiments of grammar are taught in all English classes.

  • skeptical (adv. skeptically; n. skeptic)

adj. to question the truthfulness of information presented as fact; to not trust
syn. unconvinced

The professor was skeptical about the theories of climate change.
To answer his skeptics, the scientist presented proof of his conclusions at the conference.

  • stoic (adv. stoically; n. stoicism)

adj. showing no emotion; appearing disinterested
syn. indifferent

His stoic reaction to the event surprised his friends.
His stoicism was unusual, since he is normally an emotional boy.

  • superficial (adv. superficially)

adj. simple; not deep; near the surface
syn. shallow

The inspector determined that the crack in the bridge was only superficial.
You should not try to answer the question superficially.

  • vigorous (adv. vigorously; n. vigor)

adj. powerful, full of action
syn. strong

His vigorous defense of the issues impressed everyone.
He approached his work with vigor.


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